The Commercial and Intelligent Building Systems market vertical includes the following types of buildings: office, retail, educational, healthcare, and hospitality ranging in size from small shops/offices to the largest towers.
Services covered may include lighting, heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC), access control, security, video surveillance, fire alarm and sprinklers, elevator control, audio, and others.
IoT Elements
Communication Technologies
Wired and wireless local area and personal area networks:
- Wired
- ANSI C82.11 0-10 V dimming
A standard for high-frequency lighting ballasts that have rated open-circuit voltages of 2,000 volts or less and are intended to operate at a supply frequency of 50 or 60 Hz. - ASHRAE 135 (BACnet)
BACnet, the ASHRAE building automation and control networking protocol, was designed to meet the communication needs of building automation and control systems. - Digital Addressable Lighting Interface (DALI)
A protocol that enables easy and intelligent management of lighting equipment. - Ethernet and Power over Ethernet
Ethernet is a family of computer networking technologies commonly used in local area networks (LAN), metropolitan area networks (MAN) and wide area networks (WAN).
Power over Ethernet or PoE describes any of several standardized or ad-hoc systems which pass electric power along with data on twisted pair Ethernet cabling. - Proprietary/Vendor-specific
- ANSI C82.11 0-10 V dimming
- Wireless
- Bluetooth
A wireless technology standard for exchanging data over short distances from fixed and mobile devices, and building personal area networks. - EnOcean
EnOcean provides reliable and self-powered wireless sensor solutions for the Internet of Things. - IEEE 802.15.4
A technical standard which defines the operation of low-rate wireless personal area networks. It serves as the basis for the Zigbee and Thread specifications - Proprietary/Vendor-specific
- Thread
Thread is a smart home/building networking protocol based on the IEEE 802.15.4 standard - WiFi
A technology for wireless local area networking with devices based on the IEEE 802.11 standards - Zigbee
An IEEE 802.15.4-based specification for a suite of high-level communication protocols used to create personal area networks with small, low-power digital radios.
- Bluetooth
- Optical
- IEEE 802.15.7 Visible Light Communication
A standard for the use of visible light for secure data transmission.
- IEEE 802.15.7 Visible Light Communication
Attributes
Lighting | Demand Response | |
Device Density | High; for example, one per office occupant for task lighting; two or more per luminaire for sensing light and occupancy and for dimming the luminaire | Low/Medium |
Number of Devices | High | Low/Medium |
Quality of Service (QOS) | Medium/High
While bandwidth needs for connected lighting systems are low/medium, low latency and high network uptime are essential. |
High
Network performance is important to enable demand response and to ensure buildings avoid penalties for improper execution of demand response signals |
Latency | Low; Low latency for lighting systems is important so that light sources respond as quickly as possible to user input | Medium/High |
Topology | Linear, Star, or Mesh topology on one floor or part of a floor, joined to a backbone running the height of the building | |
Power | Line Power, DALI Bus, Battery, Direct Current, Power over Ethernet, In-Device Energy Harvesting
Increased transmit power in wireless systems can improve penetration thru building materials, particularly metallic ones, and increase range and/or reliability of communications |
|
Range | Typical wireless personal area networks (WPANs) have a range between nodes of 10 to 30 meters. If nodes are meshed so data can hop from one to another, range can be multiplied by the number of hops allowed |
System Protocols
- BACnet
A widely-used data communication protocol for building automation and control networks - Ethernet (LAN, WiFi) 802.11 WLAN
- Personal and Small area Networks
- Bluetooth, BLE (IEEE 802.15.1)
A wireless personal area network technology designed and marketed by the Bluetooth Special Interest Group intended to provide considerably reduced power consumption while maintaining a similar communication range as Bluetooth. - Mesh 802.15.4
A technical standard which defines the operation of low-rate wireless personal area networks. - Zigbee
An IEEE 802.15.4-based specification for a suite of high-level communication protocols used to create personal area networks with small, low-power digital radios.
- Bluetooth, BLE (IEEE 802.15.1)
- Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
An Internet-standard protocol for collecting and organizing information about managed devices on IP networks and for modifying that information to change device behavior
Applications
Services covered may include lighting, heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC), access control, security, video surveillance, fire alarm and sprinklers, elevator control, audio, and others
Target Market
Types of buildings include:
- Educational
- Healthcare
- Hospitality
- Office
- Retail
These range in size from small shops/offices to the largest towers.
Relevant Standards
- ANSI C82.11
A standard for high-frequency lighting ballasts that have rated open-circuit voltages of 2,000 volts or less and are intended to operate at a supply frequency of 50 or 60 Hz. - ASHRAE 135
BACnet, the ASHRAE building automation and control networking protocol, was designed to meet the communication needs of building automation and control systems. - Bluetooth 4.1
A low energy implementation of the Bluetooth specification - IEC 62386 Digital Addressable Lighting Interface (DALI)
A protocol that enables easy and intelligent management of lighting equipment. - IEEE 802.3 Ethernet
A collection of IEEE standards defining the physical layer and data link layer’s media access control (MAC) of wired Ethernet. - IEEE 802.11 Wireless Local Area Networks
A set of media access control (MAC) and physical layer (PHY) specifications for implementing wireless local area network (WLAN) computer communication in the 900 MHz and 2.4, 3.6, 5, and 60 GHz frequency bands. - IEEE 802.15.4 Wireless Personal Area Networks
A technical standard which defines the operation of low-rate wireless personal area networks. It serves as the basis for the Zigbee and Thread specifications - IEEE 802.15.7 Visible Light Communication
A standard for the use of visible light for secure data transmission. - Thread 1.1
Thread is a smart home/building networking protocol based on the IEEE 802.15.4 standard - Zigbee 3.0
A Zigbee standard that unifies all of its wireless standards.